用螯合树脂研究光解作用对水中铝形态的影响

本文对用螯合树脂分离水中无机铝和有机铝的方法、螯合树脂的制备及其对无机铝的交换进行了探讨。结果表明,水体中的有机铝在紫外光照射下能分解为无机铝,其分解速度随光照时间的增加而增加。由于无机单聚体铝对鱼类有致毒作用,因此,光解作用的结果使水体中铝的毒性增加。     

pH,有机质和石灰反应对土壤背景值的影响

从上海全市214个土壤剖面样品的13个元素的背景含量,探讨了pH、有机质和石灰反应对其之影响,并对几个主要土类、亚类和土属进行了详细阐述。调查表明,上海表层土壤中,pH和有机质都与Mn、Hg、Se呈中度相关:水稻土、潮土和盐土等3个主要土类之间的pH值、有机质含量都有极显著差异,一些相应元素也有显著差异:随石灰反应的强烈,含Cu量增加,而Zn、Cr、F、Se的含量减少。     

序批式反应器用于牛场污水的处理

对序批式反应器 (SBR)用于牛场污水的处理进行了试验研究 ,主要研究了三个水力停留时间 (HRT)和有机负荷率对污染物去除率、出水水质和污泥特性的影响。试验结果表明 ,对 10 0 0 0mg/LCOD牛场污水 ,使用 1dHRT ,相应有机负荷率为 10gCOD/L·d时 ,混合出水COD、TS、VS、TKN和TN的去除率分别为 45 %、2 1.4%、34 .2 %、5 3.2 %和 2 2 .2 % ,上清液出水的分别为 80 .2 %、6 3.4%、6 6 .2 %、75 %和 38.3% ;两种出水的SCOD和NH3 N去除率相同 ,分别为 5 0 .0 %和 76 .5 %。经SBR处理后 ,污泥的沉降浓缩性能也有了比较明显的改善。     

超滤膜处理油田采出水用于回注的试验研究

试验采用截留分子量为100 ku的PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)超滤膜组件对大庆油田采出水进行了处理,处理水用于油田回注以减少清水的消耗和降低环境污染,同时确定了最佳操作条件和膜清洗方法并考察了超滤出水水质的影响.结果表明最佳的操作条件为:跨膜压差0.30～0.35 MPa,膜面流速3.0～3.5 m/s,温度35～40 ℃.超滤出水中的悬浮物、含油量均低于1.00 mg/L,粒径中值和SRB不能检出,超滤出水水质完全满足油田回注水标准.     

包埋法处理抗生素废水的试验研究

采用包埋活性污泥对抗生素废水进行了试验研究,以COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN去除率为指标,考察包埋活性污泥处理抗生素废水的可行性,结果表明,COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN去除率分别为68.02%、78.80%、45.00%和49.11%.说明包埋法处理抗生素废水是可行的,尤其是去除TN上具有一定的优势.     

Evaluation of the RAMS continuous monitor for determination of PM2.5 mass including semi-volatile material in Philadelphia,PA

The real-time ambient mass sampler (RAMS) is a continuous monitor based on particle concentrator, denuder, drier, and tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor technology. It is designed to measure PM2.5 mass, including the semi-volatile species NH4NO3 and semi-volatile organic material, but not to measure PM2.5 water content. The performance of the RAMS in an urban environment with high humidity was evaluated during the July 1999 NARSTO-Northeast Oxidant and Particles Study (NEOPS) intensive study at the Baxter water treatment plant in Philadelphia, PA. The results obtained with the RAMS were compared to mass measurements made with a TEOM monitor and to constructed mass obtained with a Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) sampler designed to determine the chemical composition of fine particles, including the semi-volatile species. An average of 28% of the fine particulate material present during the study was semi-volatile organic material lost from a filter during particle collection, and 1% was NH4NO3 that was also lost from the particles during sampling. The remaining mass was dominantly nonvolatile (NH4)2SO4 (31%) and organic material (37%), with minor amounts of soot, crustal material, and nonvolatile NH4NO3. Comparison of the RAMS and PC-BOSS results indicated that the RAMS correctly monitored for fine particulate mass, including the semivolatile material. In contrast, the heated filter of the TEOM monitor did not measure the semi-volatile material. The comparison of the RAMS and PC-BOSS data had a precision of +/-4.1 microg/m3 (+/-9.6%). The precision of the RAMS data was limited by the uncertainty in the blank correction for the reversible adsorption of water by the charcoal-impregnated cellulose sorbent filter of the RAMS monitor. The precision of the measurement of fine particulate components by the PC-BOSS was +/-6-8%.     

Physiological aspects of vetiver grass for rehabilitation in abandoned metalliferous mine wastes

Physiological aspects of why vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) can be tolerant to heavy metals and be used as an alternative method for rehabilitation of abandoned metalliferous mine wastelands have been investigated. The results showed that high proportions of lead and zinc (Pb/Zn) tailing greatly inhibited the leaf growth, dry matter accumulation, and photosynthesis of leaves, but stimulated the accumulation of proline and abscisic acid (ABA), and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), implying that different mechanisms to detoxify active oxygen species (AOS) existed in different parts of plants. Physiological responses to heavy metal treatments differed greatly between roots and shoots. Nitrogen fertilizer application could greatly alleviate the adverse effects of high proportions of Pb/Zn tailing on vetiver grass growth.     

垃圾压缩站污水的生物强化处理

垃圾压缩站污水是一种具有高COD、高NH3-N特点的有机污水.以厌氧/好氧组合工艺为基础,通过投加高效菌株对活性污泥系统进行生物强化.实验结果表明,与空白相比,厌氧出水COD去除率提高约30%,好氧出水NH3-N去除率提高约20%.最终出水COD《120 mg/L, NH3-N《25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级排放标准.     

土壤中残留苯磺隆的高效液相色谱分析

本文报道了一种固相萃取净化，高效液相色谱测定土壤中苯磺隆的残留分析方法，不同土壤的添加回收率平均为８３．３％，８６．３％，７７．２％，线性范围２．５５－５１０ｎｇ，利用本法分析苯磺隆，精确、简便、快速。     

黄杆菌P3-2降解对硫磷的质粒

黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.)P3-2具有水解对硫磷农药的能力.该菌在L.B培养基或以乙酸、乙醇或甘油为碳源的合成培养基上能产生对硫磷水解酶.用碱裂解法从P3-2菌株中分离出一种质粒(PAR).P3-2菌株经丝裂霉素C处理后,消除质粒的原菌株丧失了产生对硫磷水解酶的性能.用蔗糖梯度离心纯化的质粒DNA经EcoRI和BamHI消化,分别产生16和2个DNA片段、以EcoRI消化λDNA产生的6个片段的分子量作标准,测得PAR质粒的分子量约为37.16×10~6 dalton.在电镜下观察呈环状的DNA分子.